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What is Malware? | IBM

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Welcome Overview Overview Overview Phishing Spear phishing Spear phishing versus standard phishing Smishing Business email compromise (BEC)Whale phishing (whaling)Pretexting Overview Ransomware Ransomware as a service (RaaS)Scareware History of malware Overview Threat actor Hacking Attack vector Adversarial machine learning Distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack Zero day exploit Man in the middle (MITM) attack Brute force attack Lateral movement Insider threats Advanced persistent threats Kerberoasting Cryptojacking Data poisoning Dark web Overview Data breach Data exfiltration PII (personally identifying information)Digital footprint Data protection Data security posture management Data discovery Database security Data privacy Data privacy examples XaaS data security Overview Symmetric encryption Asymmetric encryption Public key infrastructure Public key encryption Key management Bring your own key (BYOK)Cryptography Homomorphic encryption End-to-end encryption Cryptography types Cryptography use cases History of cryptography Transport layer security Confidential computing Tokenization Overview Nonhuman identity Machine identity management Identity security Identity fabric Identity orchestration Customer IAM (CIAM)Overview Authentication versus authorization Single sign-on (SSO)Two-factor authentication (2fA)Multi-factor authentication (MFA)Adaptive MFA Phishing-resistant MFA Biometric authentication Behavioral biometrics CAPTCHA FIDO FIDO2 Digital credentials Overview Access controls Privileged access management (PAM)User provisioning RBAC OAuth Overview Cloud security posture management (CSPM)Cloud workload protection platform (CWPP)Overview Mobile security Mobile workforce Bring your own device (BYOD)Mobile device management (MDM)MDM versus mobile application management (MAM)Enterprise mobility management (EMM)Unified endpoint management (UEM)UEM versus MDM Android device management Network security Information security IT security OT security Email security Web security Critical infrastructure Zero trust Secure access service edge (SASE)CIS benchmarks Overview Vulnerability management lifecycle Vulnerability scanning Vulnerability assessment CVE (Common vulnerabilities and exposures)CVSS (Common vulnerabilities scoring system)Patch management Security posture Attack surface Attack surface management Shadow IT Log4shell Log4J vulnerability Log4j vulnerability detection and patching SaaS sprawl Overview Application security posture management (ASPM)Dynamic application security testing (DAST)Overview Ethical hacking Red teaming Blue team Penetration testing Network penetration testing Phishing simulation Breach attack simulation Overview AI security AI fraud detection in banking Overview Incident response Digital forensics Computer forensics Digital forensics and incident response Fraud detection Security information and event management (SIEM)Security orchestration automation and response (SOAR)Endpoint detection and response (EDR)Network detection and response (NDR)Extended detection and response (XDR)Identity threat detection and response (ITDR)Data detection and response (DDR)Data loss prevention (DLP)Intrusion detection system (IDS)Intrusion prevention system (IPS)User behavior analytics (UBA)User and entity behavior analytics (UEBA)Distributed denial of service (DDoS) protection Next generation antivirus (NGAV)Overview Threat intelligence OSINT Threat hunting MITRE ATT&CK NIST Cyber resilience Cyber insurance Security controls Managed security service provider Security operations center (SOC)Managed detection and response (MDR)Cyber range Cybersecurity crisis communication cyberattack ransomware every year personal data IBM Privacy Statement one estimate It is estimated that Malware-as-a-service X-Force Threat Intelligence Index distributed denial-of-service one report Cost of a Data Breach X-Force Threat Intelligence Index for millions of users in the US and Europe Scareware Watch the latest podcast episode Social engineering Phishing attacks X-Force Threat Intelligence Index 37% of known cyberthreats are designed to exploit removable media Goldoson malware Bumblebee malware spread took advantage of a flaw in Kaseya's VSA platform to security information and event management multi-factor authentication patch management vulnerability assessments penetration testing BYOD shadow IT Zero trust network security principle of least privilege incident response plans SIEMs SOARs EDRs XDRs ASM tools UEM software Report IBM X-Force Threat Intelligence Index 2026 Gain insights to prepare and respond to cyberattacks with greater speed and effectiveness with the IBM X-Force® Threat Intelligence Index. Read the report Techsplainers podcast Cyberattacks explained Techsplainers by IBM breaks down the essentials of cyberattacks, from key concepts to real‑world use cases. Clear, quick episodes help you learn the fundamentals fast. Listen now On-demand webinars Guardium webinars Learn how to protect your data across its lifecycle from our webinars. Explore on-demand webinars Guide Cybersecurity in the era of generative AI Learn how today’s security landscape is changing and how to navigate the challenges and tap into the resilience of generative AI. Read the guide Explainer What is threat management? Threat management is a process of preventing cyberattacks, detecting threats and responding to security incidents. Read the article Explore incident response services Explore threat detection solutions Explore QRadar SOAR Explore incident response services Learn more about IBM X-Force

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