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What Are Large Language Models (LLMs)? | IBM

WelcomeOverviewMachine learning typesMachine learning algorithmsStatistical machine learningLinear algebra for machine learningData visualization for machine learningUncertainty quantificationBias variance tradeoffBayesian StatisticsSingular value decompositionOverviewFeature selectionFeature extractionVector embeddingLatent spacePrincipal component analysisLinear discriminant analysisUpsamplingDownsamplingSynthetic dataData leakageOverviewLinear regressionLasso regressionRidge regressionState space modelTime seriesAutoregressive modelOverviewDecision treesK-nearest neighbors (KNNs)Naive bayesRandom forestSupport vector machineLogistic regressionOverviewBoostingBaggingGradient boostingGradient boosting classifierOverviewTransfer learningOverviewOverviewK means clusteringHierarchical clusteringA priori algorithmGaussian mixture modelAnomaly detectionOverviewCollaborative filteringContent based filteringOverviewReinforcement learning human feedbackDeep reinforcement learningOverviewOverviewBackpropagationEncoder-decoder modelRecurrent neural networksLong short-term memory (LSTM)Convolutional neural networksOverviewAttention mechanismGrouped query attentionPositional encodingAutoencoderMamba modelGraph neural networkOverviewGenerative modelGenerative AI vs. predictive AIOverviewReasoning modelsSmall language modelsInstruction tuningLLM parametersLLM temperatureLLM benchmarksLLM customizationLLM alignmentTutorial: Multilingual LLM agentDiffusion modelsVariational autoencoder (VAE)Generative adversarial networks (GANs)OverviewVision language modelsTutorial: Build an AI stylistTutorial: Multimodal AI queries using LlamaTutorial: Multimodal AI queries using PixtralTutorial: Automatic podcast transcription with GraniteTutorial: PPT AI image analysis answering systemOverviewGraphRAGTutorial: Build a multimodal RAG system with Docling and GraniteTutorial: Evaluate RAG pipline using RagasTutorial: RAG chunking strategiesTutorial: Graph RAG using knowledge graphsTutorial: Inference scaling to improve multimodal RAGOverviewVibe codingVisit the 2025 Guide to AI AgentsOverviewLLM trainingLoss functionTraining dataModel parametersOverviewGradient descentStochastic gradient descentHyperparameter tuningLearning rateOverviewParameter efficient fine tuning (PEFT)LoRATutorial: Fine tuning Granite model with LoRARegularizationFoundation modelsOverfittingUnderfittingFew shot learningZero shot learningKnowledge distillationMeta learningData augmentationCatastrophic forgettingOverviewScikit-learnXGboostPyTorchOverviewAI lifecyleAI inferenceModel deploymentMachine learning pipelineData labelingModel risk managementModel driftAutoMLModel selectionFederated learningDistributed machine learningAI stackOverviewNatural language understandingOverviewSentiment analysisTutorial: Spam text classifier with PyTorchMachine translationOverviewInformation retrievalInformation extractionTopic modelingLatent semantic analysisLatent Dirichlet AllocationNamed entity recognitionWord embeddingsBag of wordsIntelligent searchSpeech recognitionStemming and lemmatizationText summarizationConversational AIConversational analyticsNatural language generationOverviewImage classificationObject detectionInstance segmentationSemantic segmentationOptical character recognitionImage recognitionVisual inspectionCole Strykerdeep learningneural networktransformernatural language processingartificial intelligencegenerative AIClaudeChatGPTLlama modelsGeminiGranite model serieswatsonx.aiwatsonx Assistantwatsonx OrchestrateIBM Privacy Statementtokenizationself-supervised learningmachine learningsupervised learningtransformerself-attention mechanismAI modeldatasetsembeddingpositional encodingsSelf-attentionLLM parametersmall language modelstraining dataloss functionbackpropagationgradient descentvector embeddingchatbotdomain-specific customizationreinforcement learning from human feedbackreinforcement learningreasoning modelLLM customizationinstruction tuninginferenceprompt engineeringLLM temperaturecontext windowRetrieval augmented generationpretrained modelGo to episodeGPUspretrained modelsautomationHugging Faceagentic systemAPIsText summarizationAI assistantsconversational AIquestion answeringCode generationSentiment analysishallucinationsbiasesAI governanceLLM benchmarksencoder–decoderMamba modelsDiffusion LLMsSpotifyApple PodcastsFind more episodesCole StrykerUpcoming webinar - May 20, 2026 Upcoming webinar on AI‑native development Engineering teams are strained by legacy tools and tech debt. Discover how an AI‑native SDLC helps teams move faster while reducing risk. Join nowSee watsonx Orchestrate in actionReady to scale AI the right way?IBM Bob Meet Bob™, your AI development partner An AI powered tool that helps you code, debug and deliver high quality software without breaking your flow. Start building with BobGuide Start realizing ROI: A practical guide to agentic AI Learn how to scale agentic AI for measurable ROI across your enterprise. This playbook outlines the top barriers that limit impact, how to effectively measure ROI and a practical framework to drive successful, enterprise-wide adoption. Get the guideAI models Explore IBM Granite Discover IBM Granite®, our family of open, performant and trusted AI models, tailored for business and optimized to scale your AI applications. Explore language, code, time series and guardrail options. Learn moreIBM TechXchange IBM AI community Join the community for Al architects and builders to learn, share ideas and connect with others. Find your communityTraining IBM watsonx® Developer Hub Support your next project with some of our most used capabilities. Get started and learn more about the supported models that IBM provides. Get startedTechsplainers podcast Large language models explained Techsplainers by IBM breaks down the essentials of LLMs, from key concepts to real‑world use cases. Clear, quick episodes help you learn the fundamentals fast. Listen nowDiscover watsonx.aiExplore AI development toolsExplore AI servicesExplore watsonx.aiExplore AI development toolsAttention is all you need

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